ABSTRACT
Dura mater, rich in vasculature and immune cells, is the outermost layer of the central nervous system, and thus acts as the first barrier to protect brain. Meningeal lymphatic vessels and immune cells are main components of dural immunity, which respond to a variety of central nervous system diseases. Meanwhile, compared with brain parenchyma, dura mater communicates more with peripheral tissues and is more susceptible to medical interventions. Therefore, dura mater is a promising target to prevent, diagnose and treat intracranial diseases. Here dural immunity is clarified based on meningeal lymphatic vessels and dural immune cells, and current researches inquiring the role of dural immunity in infectious and immune diseases of central nervous system are summarized.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics of the Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Shijiazhuang, which can reveal the origin of the outbreak and provide a scientific basis for COVID-19 prevention and control.Methods:From January 2 to January 8, 2021, a total of 404 samples from 170 COVID-19 cases were collected from the Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital. The consensus sequence of 2019 novel Coronavirus(2019-nCoV) was obtained through multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based sequencing. The sequences of 170 COVID-19 cases were analyzed by the PANGOLIN, and the data were statistically analyzed by T-test.Results:Among the 404 COVID-19 samples, a total of 356 samples obtained high quality genome sequences (>95%,100×sequencing depth). The whole genome sequences of 170 COVID-19 cases were obtained by eliminating repeated samples. All 170 sequences were recognized as lineage B1.1 using PANGOLIN. The number of single nucleotide polymorphism arrange from 18-22 and most of the single nucleotide polymorphism were synonymous variants. All of 170 genomes could be classified into 48 sub-groups and most of the genomes were classified into 2 sub-groups (66 and 31, respectively).Conclusions:All cases in this study are likely originated from one imported case. The viruses have spread in the community for a long time and have mutated during the community transmission.